Showing posts with label 1949. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 1949. Show all posts

Tuesday, April 21, 2026

Yankees vs. Red Sox, The Defining Moments, Part II, 1939-1966

April 20, 1939, Yankee Stadium. Opening Day, and while one legend, Lou Gehrig, is fading, another debuts. Ted Williams strikes out against Red Ruffing in his 1st major league at-bat. But in his 2nd, he strokes a double, and "Teddy Ballgame" is underway. In spite of Ted's debut, the Yankees win, 2-0, as Ruffing outduels Lefty Grove. The Yankees go on to win the World Series for the 4th consecutive season.

From 1938 to 1949, the Red Sox would finish 2nd to the Yankees 6 times, and would finish 3rd an additional 3 times in the 1950s. But only twice did they finish ahead of the Yankees in any season from 1919 to 1965: In 1946 and 1948.

April 23, 1941, Yankee Stadium. Rookie Phil Rizzuto -- not exactly a musclebound slugger -- hits his 1st major league home run, taking Charlie Wagner deep in the bottom of the 11th inning. It was the 1st of only 38 big-league round-trippers for the Scooter, and none of the 37 to come was a walkoff. I wonder if he yelled, "Holy cow!"

July 2, 1941, Yankee Stadium. Joe DiMaggio beats the Sox, and the 95-degree heat, and hits a home run to extend his hitting streak to a record 45 games. Yankees 8, Red Sox 4.

Williams goes on to hit .406, the last man to hit over .400 (or even over .390 in a full season), but DiMaggio's streak reaches 56 games, carrying the Yankees from 4th place when it starts to a big lead when it ends. He leads the Yankees to win the World Series over the Brooklyn Dodgers, and he, rather than Williams, deservedly wins the American League's Most Valuable Player award.

In case you're wondering: That season, DiMaggio, 26 years old and in his 6th major league season, was paid $37,500 (about $866,000 in 2026 money); Williams, who turned 23 during the season, his 3rd, was paid less than half as much, $18,000 ($415,000).

August 12, 1942, Yankee Stadium. Charlie Keller clobbers a Mike Ryba pitch for a grand slam in the bottom of the 9th, giving the Yankees an 8-4 win.

Williams wins the Triple Crown, leading the AL in batting average, home runs and runs batted in. But, again, it's a Yankee who is correctly voted the AL's MVP: 2nd baseman Joe Gordon.

August 10, 1946, Yankee Stadium. Aaron Robinson is not especially remembered, but someone had to be the Yankee catcher between Bill Dickey and Yogi Berra. He took Clem Dreiswerd deep in the bottom of the 9th to win, 7-5.

However, several Yankees, including Joe DiMaggio, Tommy Henrich and Phil Rizzuto, hadn't found their batting stroke just yet, after returning from World War II. And Charlie Keller hurt his back, curtailing what could have been a Hall of Fame career. The result was that the Yankees never seriously challenged for the Pennant, and the Sox won a Boston sports record 104 games.
The left field Wall, 1946. The next year, the ads were taken off,
and it became known as the Green Monster.
As with a sign at the Phillies' Baker Bowl, a joke was made:
"The Red Sox use Lifebuoy" -- and they still stink!
Note the Cities Service sign. In 1965, the company's name changed,
and it became the CITGO sign.

However, they lost the World Series to the St. Louis Cardinals, although the Cards were a much more experienced team, having been in 3 of the previous 4 World Series, winning 2 of them, including a 1942 win and a 1943 loss to the Yankees.

May 12, 1947, Fenway Park. Berra turns 22, and hits a home run. He becomes the 3rd Yankee to hit a home run against the Red Sox on his birthday. He remains the youngest. I guess it never occurred to him to say, "I was the youngest one to do it, but that's because all the other guys were older." At any rate, the Sox win anyway, 4-3. But the Yankees go on to dethrone the Sox as Pennant winners, and win the World Series.

Williams joined Rogers Hornsby as the only players to win the Triple Crown twice. But, again, he is denied the MVP, as one voter didn't put Ted on his Top 10 at all -- forgetting, he said. That gave DiMaggio the award by one point over Williams.

Sox fans have fumed about this ever since, saying DiMaggio only got the MVP because the press liked him and hated Williams. Well, whose fault was that? DiMaggio treated the press well, because he wanted to be treated well in return; while Williams acted like he didn't care what the press thought, and paid for it, dearly.

October 3, 1948, Fenway Park. The Sox beat the Yankees, 10-5, clinching at least a tie for the AL Pennant, and knocking the Yanks out of a chance for it, in the 154th and final game of the regular season. (The AL adopted the current 162-game schedule after it expanded in 1961; the National League did the same the following season.)

Williams went 2-for-4 with 2 RBI doubles. Sox center fielder Dom DiMaggio, Joe's younger brother, and a very good hitter and a very good center fielder in his own right, goes 3-for-4, including a solo home run. Joe goes went 4-for-5 with 2 doubles and 3 RBIs -- meaning that, between them, the DiMaggios go 7-for-9 with 3 extra-base hits and 4 RBIs. And brother Vince, who also reached the majors, wasn't even in this game! Although he was there, as were their parents.

Joe gets a standing ovation from the Boston fans during this game, and later called it one of the biggest thrills of his life. Boston fans, showing class? It used to happen all the time.

The next day, the Sox lost a playoff for the Pennant to the Cleveland Indians, 8-3, as Tribe shortstop-and-manager Lou Boudreau hit 2 home runs to cement his place as the AL's MVP, ahead of the Yankee Clipper and the Splendid Splinter.

April 30, 1949, Yankee Stadium. Tommy Henrich was nicknamed "Ol' Reliable" by Yankee broadcaster Mel Allen, and he lived up to that name on this day, by taking Tex Hughson downtown in the bottom of the 9th, to win, 4-3.

Five months later, Henrich would do it to Don Newcombe in Game 1 of the World Series, becoming the 1st MLB player to hit a walkoff homer in postseason play. He lived to the age of 96, but never really got the credit he deserved for his clutch play.

June 28, 29 and 30, 1949, Fenway Park. After missing the entire season thus far with a heel spur -- developing it after serving in World War II, not before serving in war like Donald Trump would later claim for himself, to keep himself out of it -- DiMaggio says he is ready to play again.

In a 3-game series, he goes 5-for-9, with 4 home runs and 9 RBIs. The Yankees sweep, winning 5-4, 9-7 and 6-3. During the 3rd game, a fan flies a plane over Fenway, trailing a banner reading "THE GREAT DIMAGGIO."
Ted Williams, Dom DiMaggio, Joe DiMaggio.

The Pennant race that was well-chronicled by both Peter Golenbock in his book Dynasty: The New York Yankees, 1949-1964, and David Halbertsam in his book Summer of '49, is well and truly on.

October 1, 1949, Yankee Stadium. Believe it or not, the Yankees blew a 12-game lead, and trailed the Sox by 1 game with 2 to play -- and these 2 were against the Sox at The Stadium. The Yanks hold Joe DiMaggio Day, since Dom plays for the Sox, and thus the whole family can attend. Joe has been ill with pneumonia, but has kept playing, and says, "I'd like to thank the Good Lord for making me a Yankee." (I guess he didn't have an agent back in 1934.)

The Sox, acting like more recent Red Sox teams, blow a 4-0 lead, Johnny Lindell hits an 8th-inning homer, and the race is tied. Yankees 5, Red Sox 4. Allie Reynolds didn't get out of the 3rd inning, but Joe Page allowed just 1 hit over the last 6 2/3rds innings. In the 1901 to 1968 era of 2 single-division leagues, 1949 was the only season in which both leagues' races were unresolved as the final day of the regular season dawned: The Brooklyn Dodgers needed a win or a St. Louis Cardinals loss to win the Pennant, and they got their win.

October 2, 1949, Yankee Stadium. This is for the Pennant. The Yanks lead 1-0 in the 8th, when Joe McCarthy, managing the Sox after all those Pennants with the Yankees, relieves starter Ellis Kinder. Big mistake, as a Jerry Coleman double clears the loaded bases. But Vic Raschi falters a bit in the 9th, partly due to DiMaggio, still sick, dropping an easy fly ball. Normally so good out there, Joe walks off the field, taking himself out of the game.

The tying runs are on, the run that could win the Pennant is at the plate, and Yogi Berra goes out to talk to Raschi. "The Springfield Rifle" angrily says, "Gimme the goddamned ball, and get the hell out of here!" Yogi does as he's told, and Raschi gets the final out, as Birdie Tebbetts pops up to 1st base, and Henrich, playing out of position, catches it. Yankees 5, Red Sox 3.

The Yanks beat the Dodgers in the World Series. In the last 2 seasons, the Sox had won 192 games, and didn't even win a Pennant.

This time, falling just short of the AL batting title to Detroit's George Kell, and this oh-so-slightly losing out on a unique 3rd Triple Crown, Williams was awarded the MVP. It could have gone to Rizzuto, who won it in 1950; or to Berra, who won it in 1951, '54 and '55. Instead, it went to Williams in a year in which he did not lead the Sox to a Pennant. So Sox fans can shut up about how Ted was robbed in '41, '42 and '47.

That season, DiMaggio was paid $100,000 (about $1.4 million in today's money), only the 2nd player ever to reach 6 figures, following Hank Greenberg. Williams was paid $75,000 ($1.1 million).

April 18, 1950, Fenway Park. Opening Day. Reynolds had nothing, and Mel Parnell was pitching well. After 4 innings, the Red Sox led, 9-0. The Yankees scored 4 runs in the 6, 9 in the 8th and 2 in the 9th, and won, 15-10. Don Johnson (no relation to the actor of the same name) was the winning pitcher, while Parnell gave out and Walt Masterson was the losing pitcher.

Oddly, the Yankees did this without hitting any home runs. 3rd baseman Billy Johnson had 3 RBIs. So did 2nd baseman Billy Martin, making his major league playing debut, and he didn't even start the game.

September 23, 1950, Yankee Stadium. Red Smith of the New York Herald Tribune called this 2-game series "the itsy-bitsy World Series." Eddie Lopat pitched a shutout, and the Yankees won, 8-0.

September 24, 1950, Yankee Stadium. The Yankees are leading the Red Sox, 9-5 in the 9th inning, when word comes in that Cleveland has beaten Detroit, clinching the Pennant for the Yankees. They finish the game off.

April 17, 1951, Yankee Stadium. The Yankees open the season at home against the Red Sox. Although it isn't obvious yet, it will be the final season for DiMaggio. It is the 1st season, and the 1st game, for Mickey Mantle -- who will also end up playing his last game against the Red Sox. His 1st at-bat is a groundout against Sox starter Mickey McDermott. This is also the debut as Yankee public address announcer for Bob Sheppard, who stays for 57 years.

In the 6th inning, Mantle gets his 1st hit and his 1st RBI, singling home Jackie Jensen against Bill Wight, helping the Yankees win 5-0. DiMaggio goes 1-for-4 with an RBI. Williams goes 1-for-3. Raschi pitches a shutout.
Joe DiMaggio, Mickey Mantle, Ted Williams

September 28, 1951, Yankee Stadium. The Yanks can clinch the Pennant with a win, and need just 1 more out. Even more, Allie Reynolds needs one more out for his 2nd no-hitter of the year. But who's at bat? Ted Williams. "The Superchief" gets "the Splendid Splinter" to hit an easy popup... which Yogi drops! Fortunately, it's in foul territory, but you don't give Ted Williams a second chance.

But in an example of what Yankee haters would call "Yankee luck," Ted pops it up again, and this time, Yogi catches it. Yankees 8, Red Sox 0. The Yanks go on to beat the Giants in the World Series.
Yankee Stadium. Judging by the scoreboard, the green seats,
and the off-white outer wall, this has to be between 1959 and 1966.

Early the next season, Williams was called back into the Marine Corps for the Korean War, as he had been in World War II.  He was unavailable from May 1, 1952 to July 28, 1953, and by the time he came back, the Red Sox "glory years" of 1946-51 were over, as most of the other good players had retired or been traded away.

The Yanks-Sox rivalry went dormant as a result, leading Boston Globe columnist Dan Shaughnessy, born in 1953, to later remark that it had become like a conversation between Humphrey Bogart and Peter Lorre in the film Casablanca, a script written by Julius and Philip Epstein, the grandfather and great uncle of future Sox general manager Theo Epstein:

Ugarte: "You despise me, don't you, Rick?"
Rick: "Well, if I gave you any thought, I probably would."

April 23, 1953, Yankee Stadium. For the 1st time in his career, Mantle hits a walkoff home run. It's a 3-run job off Ellis Kinder, and the Yankees beat the Red Sox, 6-3. They had led 3-1 after 8, but the Sox scored 3 in the 9th to tie it. Mickey won it.

April 14, 1955, Fenway Park. The Red Sox host the Yankees in their home opener, and win, 8-4. This game is notable as the major league debut of Elston Howard, who thus becomes the 1st black player for the Yankees in a regular season game. In the bottom of the 6th inning, he replaces Irv Noren in left field, and in his first at-bat, drives in Mickey Mantle with a single in the 8th.

At this time, there were still 3 major league teams that had not introduced a black player: The Philadelphia Phillies, the Detroit Tigers, and the Red Sox, who would be the last, with Elijah "Pumpsie" Green in 1959. 

September 16, 1955, Yankee Stadium. Yogi Berra is remembered as one of the best clutch hitters ever, and he backed that up with 7 walkoff home runs, including this one, also off Ellis Kinder, for a 5-4 Yankee win.

April 28, 1957, Yankee Stadium. Yogi does it against the Sox again, off Ike Delock in the 10th inning, giving the Yankees a 3-2 win.

September 5, 1957, Yankee Stadium. Bob Grim becomes the 2nd Yankee pitcher to hit a walkoff home run -- and the 2nd to do it against Boston. He decides Nixon's the one -- Willard Nixon, that is -- and homers off him to give the Yankees a 5-2 win.

September 3, 1958, Yankee Stadium. Yogi torments the Sox again. This time, the walkoff victim is Leo Kelly, and the Yankees win, 8-5.

October 2, 1960, Yankee Stadium. Dale Long is remembered for hitting home runs in 8 straight games in 1956 (with the Pittsburgh Pirates), and being one of baseball's rare lefthanded catchers in 1958 (with the Chicago Cubs). On this day, for the Yankees, he hit a walkoff homer against Arnold Early of the Red Sox.

It had been exactly 11 years since the Yankees had won a Pennant by beating the Sox, and it would be exactly 18 years later that Sox fans would come to hate Bucky Dent.

Ted Williams had made his last appearance for the Sox in their home finale on September 28, hitting a home run, the 521st of his career, in his last at-bat. His salary was a record $135,000 (about $1.5 million in today's money).

October 1, 1961, Yankee Stadium. The Yankees beat the Red Sox 1-0. The only run of the game comes in the 4th inning, on a home run by Roger Maris. It is Maris' 61st home run of the season, breaking the record that Babe Ruth set in 1927.
The Yankee Stadium scoreboard, right after Maris' 61st

Williams had been replaced in Boston's left field by a native of Southampton, Long Island -- a working-class "townie" rather than a rich Summer-home owner there. His name was Carl Yastrzemski. He made $10,000 ($111,000). For his record-setting 61 home runs and AL-leading 142 RBIs, the Yankees paid Maris $32,000 ($355,000). For his 54 homers, Mantle was paid $70,000 ($776,000) -- and the greatest player of his generation, over even Willie Mays and Hank Aaron, never got a penny over $100,000.

July 7, 1966, Yankee Stadium. The Mick strikes again, with his 10th career walkoff home run, off Don McMahon, a relief pitcher who gave the Yankees trouble with the Milwaukee Braves in the 1957 and '58 World Series. The Yankees win, 5-2, and the winning pitcher, as 1960s Yankee pitcher Jim Bouton would say, was "Dooley Womack. The Dooley Womack!"

September 10, 1966, Fenway Park. Roger Maris turns 32, and hits a home run, the 4th Yankee to do so on his birthday. The Yankees win 5-1.

By this point, the Yankees had collapsed, but no one knew that, in the following season, the Sox were in for the defining season in their history, the one that took them from an afterthought -- and very nearly moved, at least out of Fenway Park, possibly to the suburbs, maybe out of the Boston area altogether -- to being New England's most beloved sports team.

Part III follows.

Saturday, October 5, 2024

October 5, 1949: Tommy Henrich Is "Old Reliable" Again

Tommy Henrich (left) and Allie Reynolds

October 5, 1949, 75 years ago: Game 1 of the World Series is played at Yankee Stadium. Allie Reynolds of the New York Yankees and Don Newcombe of the Brooklyn Dodgers pitch a scoreless game, taking it to the bottom of the 9th.

Tommy Henrich leads off that inning for the Yankees, and shows why Yankee broadcaster Mel Allen nicknamed him "Old Reliable." Or maybe he just liked hitting against the Dodgers. Or maybe he liked October 5 -- it was, after all, the 8th anniversary of his benefit of Mickey Owen's Muff. Henrich hits a home run into the right-field stands, and the Yankees win, 1-0.

That was pretty much the Series: Despite putting together one of the best teams in franchise history, the Dodgers couldn't beat the Yankees, winning only Game 2 on a shutout by Elwin "Preacher" Roe. Henrich's shot is the 1st game-ending home run in the history of postseason baseball, the 1st October "walkoff."

With Newcombe's death in 2019, all the players who appeared in this game have died. Yogi Berra was the last surviving Yankee, living until 2015.

Wednesday, October 2, 2024

October 2, 1949: Both Leagues' Pennants Decided On the Final Day

Left to right: Ted Williams, Dom DiMaggio, Joe DiMaggio.

October 2, 1949, 75 years ago: Yankee Stadium, Bronx, New York. Regular-season finale. Winner takes the American League Pennant.

On the last day of the 1948 regular season, the Boston Red Sox beat the New York Yankees at Fenway Park in Boston, clinching at least a tie for the AL Pennant, and knocking the Yanks out of a chance for it. Ted Williams went 2-for-4 with 2 RBI doubles. Sox center fielder Dom DiMaggio went 3-for-4, including a solo home run. His brother, Yankee center fielder Joe DiMaggio, went went 4-for-5 with 2 doubles and 3 RBIs -- meaning that, between them, the DiMaggios go 7-for-9 with 3 extra-base hits and 4 RBIs. And brother Vince, who also reached the majors, wasn't even in this game! Although he was there, as were their parents.

The next day, also at Fenway, the Sox lost a playoff for the Pennant to the Cleveland Indians, 8-3, as Tribe shortstop-and-manager Lou Boudreau hit 2 home runs. They went on to beat the Boston Braves in the World Series.

In the off-season, the Yankees Bucky Harris, who had managed them to the 1947 World Series, and hired Casey Stengel, who had just won the Pacific Coast League Pennant with the Oakland Oaks, but had failed as manager of the Brooklyn Dodgers and the Boston Braves. The Sox were managed by Joe McCarthy, who had managed the Yankees from 1931 to 1946, winning 8 Pennants and 7 World Series.

Joe DiMaggio, the best player in baseball since he arrived in the major leagues in 1936, missed the 1st 2 months of the season with a heel spur. In late June, the pain vanished. In a 3-game series at Fenway on June 28, 29 and 30, he went 5-for-9, with 4 home runs and 9 RBIs. The Yankees swept, winning 5-4, 9-7 and 6-3. During the 3rd game, a fan flew a plane over Fenway, trailing a banner reading "THE GREAT DIMAGGIO." The joke was that it had to be for Joe, since Dom was only a very good DiMaggio.

The Yankees jumped out to a 12-game lead, but blew it, mainly due to injuries that kept several players out of the lineup for long stretches. They trailed the Sox by 1 game with 2 to play -- and these 2 were against the Sox at The Stadium.

For the 1st time, the Pennant would come down to the Yankees and the Red Sox. Yes, there was 1904, but that was between the New York Highlanders and the Boston Americans. Not only had the teams not yet adopted their familiar names, but the rivalry tailed off, sparked again by the Red Sox' sale of Babe Ruth and practically their entire starting rotation to the Yankees in the early 1920s.

On October 1, the Yanks held Joe DiMaggio Day, since his brother Dom played for the Sox, and thus the whole family could attend. Joe had been ill with pneumonia, but had kept playing, and says, "I'd like to thank the Good Lord for making me a Yankee." (I guess he didn't have an agent back in 1934.) In the game that followed, the Sox, acting like more recent Red Sox teams, blew a 4-0 lead, Johnny Lindell hit an 8th-inning homer, and the race was tied. Yankees 5, Red Sox 4.

In fact, in the 1901 to 1968 era of 2 single-division leagues, 1949 was the only season in which both leagues' races were unresolved as the final day of the regular season dawned. On the last day of the season, the Brooklyn Dodgers needed a win or a St. Louis Cardinals loss to win the National League Pennant. If they'd gotten neither, there would have been a Playoff.

They needed 10 innings, but they got their win, 9-7 over the Philadelphia Phillies at Shibe Park (later renamed Connie Mack Stadium) in Philadelphia. Pee Wee Reese led off the inning with a single. Eddie Miksis sacrificed him to 2nd base. Duke Snider singled him home. Jackie Robinson was intentionally walked to set up the inning-ending double play. But Luis Olmo, one of the earliest Puerto Rican players in the major leagues -- and considered "white" enough to make it before Robinson desegregated the game -- singled Snider home. Jack Banta held the Phils off in the bottom of the 10th, and got the win in relief of Don Newcombe.
1949 Dodger photos. Top row, left to right: Ralph Branca,
Jackie Robinson, Gil Hodges, Roy Campanella.
Bottom row, left to right: Pee Wee Reese,
Duke Snider, a 2nd photo of Hodges, Don Newcombe.

October 2, 1949, Yankee Stadium. This was for the Pennant. A crowd of 68,055 was on hand. Phil Rizzuto led off the bottom of the 1st inning with a triple to left field. Tommy Henrich grounded to 2nd, and "The Scooter" scored. It was 1-0 Yankees.

The Yanks still led 1-0 with 1 out in the top of the 8th, when McCarthy sent Tom Wright up to pinch-hit for his starting pitcher, Ellis Kinder. Big mistake. Wright drew a walk, but Dom DiMaggio grounded into a double play.

Henrich led off the bottom of the 8th with a home run off Mel Parnell, ordinarily the Boston ace. McCarthy removed him, and brought in Tex Hughson, the ace of the Sox' 1946 American League Pennant winners. Yogi Berra, who came into his own this season as both a hitter and a catcher, singled to left. Joe DiMaggio grounded into a double play. But Lindell singled to center, with Hank Bauer pinch-running for him. Billy Johnson singled to left. Hughson, unintentionally, walked Cliff Mapes to load the bases. Jerry Coleman sent a drive down the right field line, clearing the bases, although he was out trying to stretch it from a double to a triple. It was 5-0 Yankees.

Yankee starter Vic Raschi had allowed only 2 hits over the 1st 8 innings, and got the 1st out in the 9th. Then he faltered: He walked Williams, threw a wild pitch, and allowed a single to Vern Stephens. Bobby Doerr lifted a drive to center field. Joe DiMaggio, still sick, dropped an easy fly ball, scoring both runners. Normally so good out there, Joe walked off the field, taking himself out of the game for the good of the team. Stengel moved Bauer from left field to right, moved Mapes from right to center, and put Gene Woodling in left.

Raschi got Al Zarilla to fly to center, where the newly-installed Mapes caught it. But Billy Goodman singled to center, scoring Doerr. It was now 5-3, the tying runs were on, and the run that could win the Pennant was at the plate, in the person of Sox catcher George "Birdie" Tebbetts.

Berra went out to talk to Raschi. "The Springfield Rifle" angrily said, "Gimme the goddamned ball, and get the hell out of here!" Yogi did as he was told, and Raschi got the final out, as Tebbetts popped up to 1st base, where Henrich, normally a right fielder, caught it. Final score: Yankees 5, Red Sox 3. The Yankees had won their 16th American League Pennant.

The Yanks beat the Dodgers in the World Series. In the last 2 seasons, the Sox had won 192 games, and didn't even win a Pennant.

"I won one," a jubilant Stengel said in the locker room. Later, in his weird way of talking that became known as "Stengelese," he said, "I couldn't a-done it without my players."

The following season, the Yankees won it again; while the Dodgers and Phillies again needed 10 innings to settle the race, this time against each other, with no scoreboard-watching. Dick Sisler hit a home run to win it.

Tuesday, October 1, 2024

October 1, 1949: Red China

October 1, 1949, 75 years ago: The People's Republic of China, a Communist state, is declared by Mao Zedong. This brings the 37-year-old Republic of China, and the 22-year-old Chinese Civil War between each side's respective forces, to an end.

As American conservatives said, 600 million people were suddenly hurled into slavery. But then, as with Cuba 9 years later, "Nationalist China," led by Chiang Kai-shek and now limited to the island of Formosa (which was renamed Taiwan), was not a particularly free country. Certainly, it was not a wealthy one.

Today, "Red China" is home to 1.4 billion people, more than any country on Earth, although India may surpass it in the next 20 years. After its "reopening" in the 1970s, it became a sports power, and moved toward becoming an economic power as well. It remains totalitarian in practice, but mostly in official name is it still Communist.

American conservatives still consider China to be a threat. They are not: They know that any overt attack on America would be national suicide, economically as well as militarily. They're not stupid.

Tuesday, September 17, 2024

September 17, 1949: Wile E. Coyote & the Road Runner Debut

September 17, 1949, 75 years ago: Warner Brothers releases the cartoon Fast and Furry-ous, introducing the characters of Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner.

In his book Chuck Amuck: The Life and Times of an Animated Cartoonist, Chuck Jones claimed that he and the artists behind the Road Runner and Wile E. Coyote cartoons adhered to some simple but strict rules:

  1. "The Road Runner cannot harm the Coyote except by going, 'Beep-Beep!'"
  2. "No outside force can harm the Coyote, only his own ineptitude or the failure of the Acme products."
  3. "The Coyote could stop anytime, if he were not a fanatic. (Repeat: 'A fanatic is one who redoubles his effort when he has forgotten his aim.' – George Santayana)."
  4. "No dialogue, ever, except 'Beep-Beep!'" (In cartoons not involving the Road Runner, the Coyote spoke. For example, telling Bugs Bunny that he was a genius. Which he was not.)
  5. "The Road Runner must stay on the road, otherwise, logically, he would not be called a Road Runner."
  6. "All action must be confined to the natural environment of the two characters, the Southwest American desert."
  7. "All materials tools, weapons, or mechanical conveniences must be obtained from the Acme Corporation."
  8. "Whenever possible, make gravity the Coyote's greatest enemy." (Sometimes, something would fall on top of the Coyote. My father called that “Coyote Sandwich.”
  1. "The Coyote is always more humiliated than harmed by his failures."
One running gag involves the coyote trying, in vain, to shield himself with a little parasol against a great falling boulder that is about to crush him. Another involves him falling from high cliffs, after momentarily being suspended in midair, as if the fall is delayed until he realizes that there is nothing below him. (This would later be used on The Flintstones.) The rest of the scene, shot from a bird’s-eye view, shows him falling into a canyon so deep that his figure is eventually lost to sight, with only a small puff of dust indicating his impact.
 
The Coyote is notably a brilliant artist, capable of quickly painting incredibly lifelike renderings of such things as tunnels and roadside scenes, in further (and equally futile) attempts to deceive the bird. However, the Road Runner would run into this fake tunnel, as if it were real. When the Coyote tried it himself, he would crash into it with a SPLAT!
 
From the "My Entire Childhood Was a Lie" Department: Coyotes are faster than roadrunners – and, in real life, "roadrunner" is always one word, not two like with the cartoon character. The top speed of a coyote is 43 miles per hour; of a road runner, 26.
 
From 1967 to 1974, the Western Hockey League had a team named the Phoenix Roadrunners. From 1974 to 1977, a team with that name played in the Western Hockey League. In 1997, the NHL gave Phoenix a team, which would eventually named the Arizona Coyotes. They moved to Salt Lake City this year. 

Friday, September 6, 2024

September 6, 1949: The "Walk of Death" In Camden

September 6, 1949, 75 years ago: The "Walk of Death" occurs in Camden, the largest city in southern New Jersey, across the Delaware River from Philadelphia. It is regarded as the 1st mass shooting in American history.

Born in Camden in 1921, Howard Unruh was a moralist and a mama's boy. Serving in World War II changed him, leading to a description of him as "moody, nervous and detached." In 1949, he began arguing with his neighbors.

At 9:20 AM on September 6, he took a Lugar P08 pistol and some ammunition, walked onto River Road, into the shop of his neighbor, shoemaker John Pilarchik, and killed him. He then went to the barbershop of another neighbor, Clark Hoover, killing both him and Orris Smith, the 6-year-old boy whose hair he was cutting. He ran toward the pharmacy of another neighbor, Maurice Cohen. Before he could get there, he saw insurance man James Hutton blocking his path. A man truly in the wrong place at the wrong time, Hutton was killed, even though Unruh had never even met him before.

The Cohen family tried to escape. But Maurice's wife Rose and 12-year-old son Charles hid in closest, and Unruh found Rose, and killed her. Then he killed Cohen's mother, Minnie, because she was on the phone with the police. He followed Maurice onto a porch roof, and shot him. Charles got away unharmed, the only surviving member of the family.

Unruh walked back to River Road, saw a car coming, and shot the driver, Alvin Day. He went after another neighbor at his store, tailor Thomas Zegrino. He wasn't there, making him the only intended victim to survive. But his wife Helga was there, and Unruh killed her.

He ran back to River Road, saw a car waiting at an intersection, and shot everybody in it: Helen Wilson, her son John, and her mother, Emma Matlack. All 3 died. He then fired through an apartment window, killing 2-year-old Thomas Hamilton. Total victims: 13.

A man named Frank Engel saw Unruh from a tavern window, ran out, and shot him in the leg. Trying to get away, Unruh shot at Madeline Harris and her son Armand, outside their home. Both were wounded, but survived.

Unruh went back to his apartment building, which was quickly surrounded by the police. They lobbed tear gas bombs into the apartment. He came out and gave up. The police found a list of his intended victims, an arsenal of weapons, and a Bible opened to the 24th Chapter of The Gospel of Matthew.

Unruh was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia, making him immune to criminal prosecution. He was taken to Trenton Psychiatric Hospital, and remained there until his death on October 19, 2009 -- 60 years after his crime. In his last interview with a psychologist, he showed no remorse, saying, "I'd have killed a thousand if I had enough bullets."

He even outlived Charles Cohen, 12 at the time of the shooting. He died on September 4, 2009, at the age of 72. His funeral was 2 days later, on the 60th Anniversary of the crime. In the intervening years, mass shootings started out rare, then became common in the 1980s, and got out of control early in the 21st Century.

On February 14, 2018, there was a mass shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, in which 17 people died. Carly Novell survived the mass shooting, by hiding in a closet. Just like her grandfather: Charles Cohen.

As Mark Twain once put it, "History doesn't repeat itself, but it often rhymes."

Thursday, August 29, 2024

August 29, 1949: The Red Bomb

August 29, 1949, 75 years ago: The Soviet Union successfully test a device they call RDS-1, at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in Kazakhstan. The United States of American is no longer alone in possessing the atomic bomb. The "Reds" have it now, too.

It was similar to the "Fat Man" bomb that the U.S. dropped on Nagasaki, Japan: A plutonium-based implosion type weapon with an explosive yield equivalent to 22 kilotons of TNT. They had received intelligence on Fat Man thanks to Julius Rosenberg, who had been a U.S. Army engineer. He and his wife Ethel had been couriers for the Communist Party, and would be convicted of treason in 1951 and executed for it in 1953.

The Soviets called it "Reaktivnyi Dvigatel Spetsialnyi," or "Special Jet Engine." "RDS" also worked as "Reaktivnyi Dvigatel Stalina," meaning "Stalin's Jet Engine"; or "Rossiya Delayet Sama," meaning "Russia does it herself." (In contrast with Germany and many other countries calling themselves a "Fatherland," Russia has always been known as a "Motherland," or as "Mother Russia.")

Now, the Soviet Union had not just the world's 2nd-biggest military force, it had the bomb. If the Cold War was not yet well and truly on, it was now.

There are those who say that the Soviet Union was a more evil regime than Nazi Germany. The Soviets had the bomb for 42 years before their regime collapsed, and they never used it. If Hitler had the bomb, would he have hesitated to use it on Moscow? On London? If he could have loaded one onto a plane aboard their only aircraft carrier, the Graf Zeppelin, and sent a bomb to New York or Washington, would he have ordered it? It was Hitler. Of course he would have.

But he never got close. Partly because the Allies took action, and partly because Hitler chased his own best scientists into the arms of the Allies. 

Tuesday, June 18, 2024

June 18, 1924: Basketball's 1st Great Big Man

June 18, 1924, 100 years ago: George Lawrence Mikan Jr. is born in Joliet, Illinois. Basketball's 1st great "big man," the 6-foot-10 center led DePaul University to the 1945 NIT title, then considered more prestigious than the NCAA title.

He won National Basketball league titles with the 1947 Chicago American Gears and the 1948 Lakers. The Lakers then went into the nascent NBA, and he led them to the title in 1949, 1950, 1952, 1953 and 1954. That's 7 league titles in 8 seasons.

It's been 68 years since he last strode the hardwood in a game that counted, but he is still responsible for 5 of the 7 World Championships that Minnesota basketball teams have won.

He was NBL Most Valuable Player in 1948, a 5-time scoring champion (twice in the NBL, 3 times in the NBA), and played in the NBA's 1st 4 All-Star Games (1951-54). He was bigger than the league: A game against the Knicks had the marquee at the old Madison Square Garden not mention the Lakers, just him: "GEO MIKAN v/s KNICKS."
That's a legend, but it's no myth, and it's no joke.

He was named the greatest basketball player of the half-century by the Associated Press, was a charter inductee into the Basketball Hall of Fame in 1959, and was named to the NBA's 25th Anniversary Team and its 50th Anniversary 50 Greatest Players. The Minnesota Timberwolves dedicated a statue of him outside the Target Center in Minneapolis. He lived long enough to receive all of these honors.
Shaquille O'Neal paid for his funeral, saying,
"Without Number 99, there is no me."

He died on June 1, 2005 at the age of 80, from the long-term effects of diabetes. In 2021, he was named to the NBA's 75th Anniversary 75 Greatest Players. In 2022, the now-Los Angeles Lakers finally retired his number, even though 99 is a number rarely seen in the NBA. They also have a banner honoring their Minneapolis-era Hall-of-Famers.

Saturday, June 8, 2024

June 8, 1949: George Orwell Publishes "Nineteen Eighty-Four"

June 8, 1949, 75 years ago: Nineteen Eighty-Four is published by Secker & Warburg in London. It is the last novel written by Eric Blair to be published in his lifetime. It has become synonymous with his pen name: George Orwell.

The year was not chosen at random: It was simply the year in which the book was written, 1948, with the last 2 digits reversed, suggesting a "near future" to which the reader might be able to relate, even if Orwell himself might not live to see it. (He was born in 1903, but it was a foregone conclusion: He had been suffering from tuberculosis as early as 1938, when he was a journalist covering the Spanish Civil War. He died on January 21, 1950.)

In the novel, Britain, now known as Airstrip One, as well as America and the entire Western Hemisphere, and also the original Oceania, meaning Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands, are part of a totalitarian superstate, named Oceania. This superstate is apparently led by Big Brother, who is pushed by the Party, the political organization that actually runs Oceania. Orwell leaves it vague as to whether Big Brother is a man who actually exists, or ever did, or is merely a convenient symbol.

The government tells the people, "Big Brother is watching you." As a result, they don't want to disappoint him by doing anything against the Party, and therefore against the nation. "Who controls the present controls the past" is a Party plank, and so there is a Ministry of Truth, which rewrites history to suit the Party's needs.

"Oceania had always been at war with with Eastasia," which includes Japan, China, and the Himalayas. "Oceania had always been at war with Eurasia," which includes what had been the Soviet Union and the rest of continental Europe. Both statements of perpetual war had been true, and neither, and could flip, depending on what the Party thought it needed at the time. "Even the names of countries, and their shapes on the map, had been different. Airstrip One, for instance, had not been so called in those days: it had been called England, or Britain, though London, he felt fairly certain, had always been called London."

"He" is the novel's protagonist, a Ministry of Truth worker named Winston Smith. Through his work of changing the truth, he has seen the truth, and begins to rebel. One thing leads to another, and his contact in a resistance group turns out to be a mole placed by the Party, and Winston is captured and tortured, and his loyalty is restored. The last line of the novel is, "He loved Big Brother."

In real life, the year 1984 turned out to be very little like the world of the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, although a movie based on the book, starring William Hurt as Winston, was released that year. And yet, in the years to come, Britain, and, to a lesser extent, America, would become loaded with closed-circuit TV cameras used by law-enforcement agencies. This growth of government watching led to a British TV "reality show," exported to America, titled Big Brother.

In short, just as "Machiavellian" has come to represent the kind of tactics that Niccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli was mocking in his book The Prince, "Orwellian" has come to mean the kind of governmental approach -- in total, or even in part, as with CCTV cameras -- that Orwell himself, a democratic socialist -- opposed.

In 1982, Alan Moore's graphic novel V for Vendetta premiered, showing a fascist, surveillance-obsessed Britain of 1997, led by a Big Brother-type figure, who was basically insecure and needed the love of the people. A film version was released in 2006, set in 2038, and it took a lot of liberties with the original story, including making the Chancellor a much meaner figure. He was played by William Hurt, who had come full circle from playing Winston Smith 22 years earlier.

But an insecure leader, who is not the man his supporters believe him to be, who tells you what the truth is, and calls the actual truth lies, and punishes those who act against his government? We have already had Donald Trump in the Presidency. We do not need that again. We don't need 2025 to be like Nineteen Eighty-Four.

Saturday, May 4, 2024

May 4, 1949: The Superga Air Disaster

May 4, 1949, 75 years ago: A plane crash wipes out what might have been the best soccer team in the world at the time.

Torino Football Club, based in the Northern Italian city that the English language calls Turin, had dominated Serie A, Italy's football league. They had won Serie A in 1928, and Italy's version of the FA Cup, the Coppa Italia, in 1936.

Ferrucio Novo, who had played for Torino as a defender, had gotten rich in the leather industry -- possibly appropriate, given the team's symbol, also the city's symbol, a bull. (And the team was known as Il Toro, The Bull.) In 1939, he became the team's president and its manager. In modern sports, this might seem like a bad idea. But in Italy, during World War II, at the end of Benito Mussolini's fascist dictatorship, it worked like a charm.

In 1942, it all came together. Upon the recommendation of forward Felice Borel, they adopted what Italy called la sistema (The System), known in English football by its shape as the W-M formation: Goalkeeper, 3 fullbacks, 2 halfbacks, 2 midfielders, 3 forwards.

They finished 2nd in Serie A that season, and then won it in 1943, 1946, 1947, 1948 and 1949, becoming known as Il Grande Torino. They also won the Coppa Italia in 1943, becoming the 1st Italian team to, as they say in England, "do The Double."

This was the usual lineup:

1 Goalkeeper, Valerio Bacigalupo
2 Right Fullback, Mario Rigamonti
3 Left Fullback, Virgilo Maroso
4 Right Halfback, Aldo Ballarin
5 Centre Fullback, Eusebio Castigliano
6 Left Halfback, Danilo Martelli
7 Outside Right, Ezio Loik
8 Inside Right, Guglielmo Gabetto
9 Centre Forward, Romeo Menti
10 Inside Left, Valentino Mazzola
11 Inside Forward, Franco Ossola

In a land beset by conservative Catholicism, terrorized by organized crime, benighted by poverty, and devastated by a war on which it had chosen the wrong side, this team lifted people up, and provided them with thrills they enjoyed, even if far from Turin, even when it sent their local side down to defeat.

On May 3, 1949, the Torino team were in Lisbon, Portugal, playing Sport Lisboa e Benfica at the Stadio do Luz (Stadium of Light). Benfica were already known as Portugal's greatest sports team, and the game was a testimonial in honor of their Captain, midfielder Francisco Ferreira. He had already led Benfica to 3 titles in the Portuguese league, and 4 Portuguese Cups. He had also previously won a league title with F.C. Porto.

Novo had seen him play for Portugal against an Italy team with some of his Torino players. Although Italy won the game 4-1, Novo was very impressed with Ferreira, and arranged the special match. He did not make the trip, though, as he was ill with the flu. So his assistant, Ernő Egri Erbstein, a Hungarian Jew who had played in Italy and later escaped from the Nazis, took charge for the game. Benfica won, 4-3. Matches like this would help inspire the European Cup, which began in the 1955-56 season, and is now known as the UEFA Champions League.

The next day, May 4, the Torino team boarded their Avio Linee Italiane Fiat G.212CP for the flight home. It took off at 9:40 AM local time (Portugal is in the same time zone as Britain, an hour behind most of Europe, including Italy), and landed in Barcelona, Spain to refuel at 1:00 PM. At the Barcelona airport, the Torino players met with those of AC Milan, who were on their way to play a friendly against Real Madrid.

At 2:50, the plane took off again, flying over the French Riviera and the French and Italian Alps. But at 4:55, the pilot got a message that the weather in Turin was bad: Clouds almost touching the ground, and strong southwest wind gusts.

At 4:59, the control tower heard the pilot say he was 9 miles away, approaching the airport from the west (even though he had been flying east from Lisbon and Barcelona), and would use the Basilica of Superga, just past the eastern city limits of Turin, as his sign to turn toward the airport. At 5:03, he made his turn to the left. But he was too low -- a recent theory is that his altimeter had malfunctioned and locked, leading him to think he was higher than he was -- and the plane crashed into the back of the Basilica.

All 31 people on board the plane died, including the entire usual starting lineup. There were 7 other players on board who died, including Dino Ballarin, backup goalkeeper and brother of Aldo Ballarin. Assistant manager Egri Erbstein also died.
A memorial to the victims at the Basilica

There were still 4 games left in Serie A play. An agreement was reached that Torino would be declared league champions, and that all teams would play their youth teams in the remaining games. Torino won all 4 remaining games, and won the league by 5 points over Internazionale Milano (a.k.a. "Inter").

On May 26, a benefit match for the families of the victims was played at the Stadio Comunale in Turin. A group of 11 players donated from other clubs wore the maroon of Torino against visiting Argentine champions River Plate, including Alfredo Di Stéfano, already considered the best player in South America, who would later star for Real Madrid. The match ended 2-2.

The crash changed the course of Italian soccer history. Gabetto was 33 years old, Mazzola 30, Loik and Mento 29, Castigliano 28, Ossola and Aldo Ballarin 27, Rigamonti 26, Baciagalupo 25, Maroso and Dino Ballarin 23, Martelli just short of turning 22. Some of these men could have continued Torino's domination of Serie A, and been major forces for Italy in the World Cups of 1950, 1954, maybe even 1958. It was as devastating to their country as the Munich Air Disaster of 1958, killing 8 Manchester United players, was to England.
Translation: Superga, 4th of May 1949.
Raise your head great people,
You cannot forget the scream of faith.
Turn your gaze to the future
certain to be worthy of the glorious past. 

With Torino having supplied the bulk of the Italian national team, it was decided that Novo should rebuild that as well, and he managed them into the 1950 World Cup. (Italy had won the World Cup in 1934 and 1938, but the 1942 and 1946 editions were canceled due to the effects of World War II.) He took no chances: He had them travel to Brazil by ship, not plane. The long sea voyage may have taken a lot out of them: They beat Paraguay, but lost to Sweden, and did not advance to the knockout round. He remained in charge of Torino until 1953, and died in 1974.

For the 1949-50 season, the other teams in Serie A were each asked to donate a player to Torino. Essentially, it was what we in North American sports would call an expansion draft. But the team never really recovered. They didn't win another notable trophy until the 1968 Coppa Italia. Since then, they have won the Coppa again in 1971 and 1993, and Serie A in 1976. But, ever since, crosstown Juventus F.C. have dominated not just the city, but, often, the country.

The legacy of Valentino Mazzola, Captain of club and country, continued. His son, Sandro Mazzola, starred for the next Italian team to be known as "Grande," the Inter team of the 1960s.

Thursday, April 4, 2024

April 4, 1949: NATO Is Founded

NATO Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium

April 4, 1949, 75 years ago: NATO, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, is founded in Washington, D.C. President Harry S Truman and Secretary of State George C. Marshall set it up as a military alliance of Western Europe, where "An attack on one of us is an attack on all of us." 

The founding members of NATO were America, Canada, Britain, France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Norway, Denmark, Iceland and Portugal. On February 18, 1952, with the Truman Doctrine having proven successful, and with both nations having participated in the United Nations' effort to protect South Korea during the Korean War, Greece and Turkey were admitted to NATO. On May 6, 1955, 10 years to the week after V-E Day, West Germany was admitted.

It would be a long time before new additions were made. Spain, neutral in both World Wars and fascist in World War II, were admitted in 1982, 7 years after the restoration of democracy. With the collapse of the Soviet-influenced counterpart, the Warsaw Pact, NATO waited 10 years before inviting any new members. The Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland were admitted in 1999. Bulgaria, Romania, Slovakia, the former Yugoslav nation of Slovenia, and the "Baltic States" of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia were admitted in 2004.

Albania and the former Yugoslav nation of Croatia were admitted in 2009. The former Yugoslav nation of Montenegro was admitted in 2017. The former Yugoslav nation of North Macedonia was added in 2020. Finland, long neutral, was admitted in 2023. Sweden, also neutral through both World Wars and the Cold War, joined just last month.

And Ukraine want to join as well, but that's not possible as long as Russia are attacking them: It would mean that every NATO nation, including America, would have to go to war with Russia, and that would mean World War III.

Donald Trump is running for President in 2024, saying that if NATO members do not pay their dues, "I would encourage Russia to do whatever the hell they want." Including attack a NATO member. 

Thursday, October 5, 2023

October 5, 1953: Five Straight World Series Wins

Left to right: Hank Bauer, Yogi Berra,
Billy Martin and Joe Collins

October 5, 1953, 70 years ago: The New York Yankees beat the Brooklyn Dodgers, 4-3 at Yankee Stadium, to win Game 6 of the World Series, clinching it, 4 games to 2. This was the 5th straight World Championship for the Yankees. No other baseball team has ever done that.

The Yankees hired Charles Dillon "Casey" Stengel as their manager for the 1949 season, and he led them to the American League Pennant in each of the next 5 years. In 1949, they beat the Brooklyn Dodgers in the World Series in 5 games. In 1950, they swept the Philadelphia Phillies in 4 straight. In 1951, they beat the New York Giants in 6 games. That was Joe DiMaggio's last season, and Mickey Mantle's 1st season.

In 1952, it took them 7 games to finish the Dodgers off. That gave them 4 straight World Series wins, matching the Joe McCarthy-managed Yankees of 1936 to 1939.

In 1953, they faced the Dodgers again. It's important to note that, due to his U.S. Army commitments -- the Korean War was over by this point, but not everybody serving in it had been discharged yet -- the Dodgers did not have their best pitcher, Don Newcombe, for either the 1952 or the '53 Series. However, the Yankees had lost Whitey Ford to the war for the Series in '51 and '52. And the Giants had lost their best player, Willie Mays, for the '52 and '53 seasons, so if he was available, maybe they would have won those Pennants instead of the Dodgers.

The Yankees won Game 1 of the 1953 World Series, 9-5 at Yankee Stadium in The Bronx. They won Game 2 at home, 4-2. The Series moved to Ebbets Field in Brooklyn, and the Dodgers won Game 3, 3-2, and Game 4, 7-3. In Game 4, Carl Erskine struck out 14 batters, setting a new Series record that would last for 10 years. But in Game 5, Mickey Mantle, approaching his 22nd birthday and already in his 3rd World Series, hit a grand slam to give the Yankees an 11-7 win, and a 3-2 lead in the Series.

Game 6 was played at Yankee Stadium, in front of 62,730 fans, about the twice the seating capacity of Ebbets Field. Ford started for the Yankees, Erskine for the Dodgers. With one of the best curveballs in the game at the time, "Oisk," as the Dodger fans called him in their Brooklyn accent, gave the Flatbush Faithful -- also known as the Flastbush Flock -- hope that "Dem Bums" could push the Series to a Game 7.

But the Yankees struck quickly. Gene Woodling led off with a walk. Joe Collins struck out, but Hank Bauer singled, and Yogi Berra hit a ground-rule double to get Woodling home. Mantle was walked intentionally. Billy Martin grounded to 2nd, and Jim Gilliam bobbled the ball, allowing Bauer to score. For whatever reason, Dodger manager Chuck Dressen had put his usual 2nd baseman, Jackie Robinson, in left field.

The Yankees scored again in the 2nd, on a sacrifice fly by Woodling. The game remained 3-0 until the top of the 6th. With 1 out, Robinson doubled to left, and stole 3rd base. Roy Campanella got him home on a groundout, to make it 3-1.

Stengel brought Allie Reynolds in for the 8th inning, thinking he had the right mentality to close the game out. Perhaps the best starting pitcher on his 5 Pennant winners, Reynolds had a blazing fastball, and was willing to throw inside. He once plunked a batter on a 3-0 count, telling a reporter after the game, "If I'm going to put you on, I might as well hurt you." Partly because of his Cherokee heritage, and partly because his fastball seemed to bring up memories of a speeding train of that name, he was known as the Superchief.

Reynolds got through the 8th, giving up only a single to Robinson. But with 1 out in the 9th, he walked Duke Snider, and then gave up a home run to Carl Furillo, who had won the National League's batting championship that season. The game tied, Reynolds then struck out Billy Cox and the opposing pitcher, Clem Labine.

This was the last game played by Hall-of-Famer Johnny Mize: The Big Cat pinch-hit for Joe Collins in the 8th, and grounded out to 1st. He was 40 years old and fat, so, despite also being a 1st baseman, he did not take the position in the 9th, Stengel instead sending Don Bollweg in to do so.

Labine walked Bauer to start the bottom of the 9th. He got Berra to fly to right. But Mantle beat out a single to 3rd. The batter was Billy Martin. An ordinary player from April through September, he always seemed to turn it on for the World Series.

At this point, 4 players had collected 12 hits in a single World Series: Charles "Buck" Herzog of the 1912 New York Giants, Shoeless Joe Jackson of the 1919 Chicago White Sox (in spite of the accusation that he helped "throw" the Series), Sam Rice of the 1925 Washington Senators, and Johnny "Pepper" Martin of the 1931 St. Louis Cardinals. Oddly, all but Pepper Martin -- no relation to Billy -- were on the losing side.

Billy Martin singled up the middle, for his 12th hit of the Series, and Bauer came around 3rd to score the winning run: Yankees 4, Dodgers 3. The Yankees had won their 5th straight World Series.

There were 11 players who played on all 5 of those Yankee World Champions: Phil Rizzuto, Yogi Berra, Johnny Mize, Gene Woodling, Hank Bauer, Jerry Coleman, Joe Collins, Allie Reynolds, Vic Raschi, Eddie Lopat, and, though he played just 156 games in those 5 seasons, and just 1 ever in the World Series, backup catcher Charlie Silvera. Coleman, however, was serving in the Korean War for most of the '52 and '53 seasons, and, though he returned for the end of the '53 season, was not placed on the Series roster. Collins was a rookie in '49, and was not on the Series roster.

Since then, 3 in a row has been done, but not 4, and certainly not 5. The Montréal Canadiens would soon start a streak of 5 straight Stanley Cups, but they were unable to make it 6. The Boston Celtics would later win 8 straight NBA Titles, but basketball didn't exactly get the best athletes then.

This was the last World Series, and the last Pennant in either League, won by an all-white team. The next season, the Yanks lost the American League Pennant to the well-integrated Cleveland Indians, and the argument of, "Why integrate? We're winning with what we've got" was no longer valid. Elston Howard became the 1st black man to play for the Yankees the following April, and the team went on to win 9 Pennants and 4 World Series in the next 10 years.

Art Schallock is the last surviving member of the 1953 World Champion New York Yankees. He is also the last surviving former teammate of Joe DiMaggio, although he was not on the World Series roster in either 1951 or 1952. As of October 5, 2022, he is the oldest living former player, age 98.

There have now been 3 players with 13 hits in a single World Series: Bobby Richardson of the 1964 Yankees, Lou Brock of the 1968 Cardinals, and Marty Barrett of the 1986 Boston Red Sox -- all 3 ending up on the losing side.

In 1972-74, the Oakland Athletics won 3 straight World Series. They remain the only team other than the Yankees ever to win more than 2 straight. The Yankees won 3 straight in 1996-98.

Friday, June 9, 2023

Yankees vs. Red Sox, The Defining Moments, Part II, 1939-1966

April 20, 1939, Yankee Stadium. Opening Day, and while one legend, Lou Gehrig, is fading, another debuts. Ted Williams strikes out against Ruffing in his 1st 2 major league at-bats. But in his 3rd, he strokes a double, and "Teddy Ballgame" is underway. In spite of Ted's debut, the Yankees win, 2-0, and go on to win the World Series.

From 1938 to 1949, the Red Sox would finish 2nd to the Yankees 6 times, and would finish 3rd an additional 3 times in the 1950s. But only twice did they finish ahead of the Yankees in any season from 1919 to 1965: In 1946 and 1948.

April 23, 1941, Yankee Stadium. Rookie Phil Rizzuto -- not exactly a musclebound slugger -- hits his 1st major league home run, taking Charlie Wagner deep in the bottom of the 11th inning. It was the 1st of only 38 big-league round-trippers for the Scooter, and none of the 37 to come was a walkoff. I wonder if he yelled, "Holy cow!"

July 2, 1941, Yankee Stadium. Joe DiMaggio beats the Sox, and the 95-degree heat, and hits a home run to extend his hitting streak to a record 45 games. Yankees 8, Red Sox 4.

Williams goes on to hit .406, the last man to hit over .400 (or even over .390 in a full season), but DiMaggio's streak reaches 56 games, he leads the Yankees to win the World Series over the Brooklyn Dodgers, and he, rather than Williams, deservedly wins the AL's Most Valuable Player award.

August 12, 1942, Yankee Stadium. Charlie Keller clobbers a Mike Ryba pitch for a grand slam in the bottom of the 9th, giving the Yankees an 8-4 win.

August 10, 1946, Yankee Stadium. Aaron Robinson is not especially remembered, but someone had to be the Yankee catcher between Bill Dickey and Yogi Berra. He took Clem Dreiswerd deep in the bottom of the 9th to win, 7-5.

However, several Yankees, including Joe DiMaggio, Tommy Henrich and Phil Rizzuto, hadn't found their batting stroke just yet, after returning from World War II. And Charlie Keller hurt his back, curtailing what could have been a Hall of Fame career. The result was that the Yankees never seriously challenged for the Pennant, and the Sox won a Boston sports record 104 games.
The left field Wall, 1946. The next year, the ads were taken off,
and it became known as the Green Monster.
As with a sign at the Phillies' Baker Bowl, a joke was made:
"The Red Sox use Lifebuoy" -- and they still stink!
Note the Cities Service sign. In 1965, the company's name changed,
and it became the CITGO sign.

However, they lost the World Series to the St. Louis Cardinals, although the Cards were a much more experienced team, having been in 3 of the previous 4 World Series, winning 2 of them, including a 1942 win and a 1943 loss to the Yankees.

May 12, 1947, Fenway Park. Berra turns 22, and hits a home run. He becomes the 3rd Yankee to hit a home run against the Red Sox on his birthday. He remains the youngest. I guess it never occurred to him to say, "I was the youngest one to do it, but that's because all the other guys were older." At any rate, the Sox win anyway, 4-3. But the Yankees go on to dethrone the Sox as Pennant winners, and win the World Series.

October 3, 1948, Fenway Park. The Sox beat the Yankees, 10-5, clinching at least a tie for the AL Pennant, and knocking the Yanks out of a chance for it, in the 154th and final game of the regular season. (The AL adopted the current 162-game schedule after it expanded in 1961; the National League did the same the following season.)

Williams went 2-for-4 with 2 RBI doubles. Sox center fielder Dom DiMaggio, Joe's brother, goes 3-for-4, including a solo home run. Joe goes went 4-for-5 with 2 doubles and 3 RBIs -- meaning that, between them, the DiMaggios go 7-for-9 with 3 extra-base hits and 4 RBIs. And brother Vince, who also reached the majors, wasn't even in this game! Although he was there, as were their parents.

Joe gets a standing ovation from the Boston fans during this game, and later called it one of the biggest thrills of his life. Boston fans, showing class? It used to happen all the time.

The next day, the Sox lost a playoff for the Pennant to the Cleveland Indians, 8-3, as Tribe shortstop-and-manager Lou Boudreau hit 2 home runs to cement his place as the AL's MVP, ahead of the Yankee Clipper and the Splendid Splinter.

April 30, 1949, Yankee Stadium. Tommy Henrich was nicknamed "Ol' Reliable" by Yankee broadcaster Mel Allen, and he lived up to that name on this day, by taking Tex Hughson downtown in the bottom of the 9th, to win, 4-3.

Five months later, Henrich would do it to Don Newcombe in Game 1 of the World Series, becoming the 1st MLB player to hit a walkoff homer in postseason play. He lived to the age of 96, but never really got the credit he deserved for his clutch play.

June 28, 29 and 30, 1949, Fenway Park. After missing the entire season thus far with a heel spur, DiMaggio is ready to play again. In a 3-game series, he goes 5-for-9, with 4 home runs and 9 RBIs. The Yankees sweep, winning 5-4, 9-7 and 6-3. During the 3rd game, a fan flies a plane over Fenway, trailing a banner reading "THE GREAT DIMAGGIO."
Ted Williams, Dom DiMaggio, Joe DiMaggio.

The Pennant race chronicled by Peter Golenbock in his book Dynasty: The New York Yankees, 1949-1964, and by David Halbertsam in his book Summer of '49, is well and truly on.

October 1, 1949, Yankee Stadium. Believe it or not, the Yankees blew a 12-game lead, and trailed the Sox by 1 game with 2 to play -- and these 2 were against the Sox at The Stadium. The Yanks hold Joe DiMaggio Day, since his brother Dom plays for the Sox, and thus the whole family can attend. Joe has been ill with pneumonia, but has kept playing, and says, "I'd like to thank the Good Lord for making me a Yankee." (I guess he didn't have an agent back in 1934.)

The Sox, acting like more recent Red Sox teams, blow a 4-0 lead, Johnny Lindell hits an 8th-inning homer, and the race is tied. Yankees 5, Red Sox 4. In fact, in the 1901 to 1968 era of 2 single-division leagues, 1949 was the only season in which both leagues' races were unresolved as the final day of the regular season dawned.

October 2, 1949, Yankee Stadium. This is for the Pennant. The Yanks lead 1-0 in the 8th, when Joe McCarthy, managing the Sox after all those Pennants with the Yankees, relieves starter Ellis Kinder. Big mistake, as a Jerry Coleman double clears the loaded bases. But Vic Raschi falters a bit in the 9th, partly due to DiMaggio, still sick, dropping an easy fly ball. Normally so good out there, Joe walks off the field, taking himself out of the game.

The tying runs are on, the run that could win the Pennant is at the plate, and Yogi Berra goes out to talk to Raschi. "The Springfield Rifle" angrily says, "Gimme the goddamned ball, and get the hell out of here!" Yogi does as he's told, and Raschi gets the final out, as Birdie Tebbetts pops up to 1st base, and Henrich, playing out of position, catches it. Yankees 5, Red Sox 3.

The Yanks beat the Dodgers in the World Series. In the last 2 seasons, the Sox had won 192 games, and didn't even win a Pennant.

April 17, 1951, Yankee Stadium. The Yankees open the season at home against the Red Sox. Although it isn't obvious yet, it will be the final season for DiMaggio. It is the 1st season, and the 1st game, for Mickey Mantle -- who will also end up playing his last game against the Red Sox. His 1st at-bat is a groundout against Sox starter Mickey McDermott. This is also the debut as Yankee public address announcer for Bob Sheppard, who stays for 57 years.

In the 6th inning, Mantle gets his 1st hit and his 1st RBI, singling home Jackie Jensen against Bill Wight, helping the Yankees win 5-0. DiMaggio goes 1-for-4 with an RBI. Williams goes 1-for-3. Raschi pitches a shutout.
Joe DiMaggio, Mickey Mantle, Ted Williams

September 28, 1951, Yankee Stadium. The Yanks can clinch the Pennant with a win, and need just 1 more out. Even more, Allie Reynolds needs one more out for his 2nd no-hitter of the year. But who's at bat? Ted Williams. "The Superchief" gets "the Splendid Splinter" to hit an easy popup... which Yogi drops! Fortunately, it's in foul territory, but you don't give Ted Williams a second chance.

Incredibly, Ted pops it up again, and this time, Yogi catches it. Yankees 8, Red Sox 0. The Yanks go on to beat the Giants in the World Series.
Yankee Stadium. Judging by the scoreboard, the green seats,
and the off-white outer wall, this has to be between 1959 and 1966.

Early in the 1952 season, Williams was called back into the Marine Corps for the Korean War, as he had been in World War II.  He would miss the rest of '52 and all but the last few weeks of '53, and by the time he came back the Red Sox "glory years" of 1946-51 were over, as most of the other good players had retired or been traded away.

The Yanks-Sox rivalry went dormant as a result, leading Boston Globe columnist Dan Shaughnessy, born in 1953, to later remark that it had become like a conversation between Humphrey Bogart and Peter Lorre in the film Casablanca, a script written by the grandfather and great uncle of future Sox general manager Theo Epstein:

Ugarte: "You despise me, don't you, Rick?"
Rick: "Well, if I gave you any thought, I probably would."

April 23, 1953, Yankee Stadium. For the 1st time in his career, Mantle hits a walkoff home run. It's a 3-run job off Ellis Kinder, and the Yankees beat the Red Sox, 6-3. They had led 3-1 after 8, but the Sox scored 3 in the 9th to tie it. Mickey won it.

April 14, 1955, Fenway Park. The Red Sox host the Yankees in their home opener, and win, 8-4. This game is notable as the major league debut of Elston Howard, who thus becomes the 1st black player for the Yankees in a regular season game. In the bottom of the 6th inning, he replaces Irv Noren in left field, and in his first at-bat, drives in Mickey Mantle with a single in the 8th.

At this time, there were still 3 major league teams that had not introduced a black player: The Philadelphia Phillies, the Detroit Tigers, and the Red Sox, who would be the last, with Elijah "Pumpsie" Green in 1959. 

September 16, 1955, Yankee Stadium. Yogi Berra is remembered as one of the best clutch hitters ever, and he backed that up with 7 walkoff home runs, including this one, also off Ellis Kinder, for a 5-4 Yankee win.

April 28, 1957, Yankee Stadium. Yogi does it against the Sox again, off Ike Delock in the 10th inning, giving the Yankees a 3-2 win.

September 5, 1957, Yankee Stadium. Bob Grim becomes the 2nd Yankee pitcher to hit a walkoff home run -- and the 2nd to do it against Boston. He decides Nixon's the one -- Willard Nixon, that is -- and homers off him to give the Yankees a 5-2 win.

September 3, 1958, Yankee Stadium. Yogi torments the Sox again. This time, the walkoff victim is Leo Kelly, and the Yankees win, 8-5.

October 2, 1960, Yankee Stadium. Dale Long is remembered for hitting home runs in 8 straight games in 1956 (with the Pittsburgh Pirates), and being one of baseball's rare lefthanded catchers in 1958 (with the Chicago Cubs). For the Yankees, he hits a walkoff homer against Arnold Early of the Red Sox.

It had been exactly 11 years since the Yankees had won a Pennant by beating the Sox, and it would be exactly 18 years later that Sox fans would come to hate Bucky Dent.

Ted Williams had made his last appearance for the Sox in their home finale on September 28, hitting a home run, the 521st of his career, in his last at-bat.

October 1, 1961, Yankee Stadium. The Yankees beat the Red Sox 1-0. The only run of the game comes in the 4th inning, on a home run by Roger Maris. It is Maris' 61st home run of the season, breaking the record that Babe Ruth set in 1927.
The Yankee Stadium scoreboard, right after Maris' 61st

July 7, 1966, Yankee Stadium. The Mick strikes again, with his 10th career walkoff home run, off Don McMahon, a relief pitcher who gave the Yankees trouble with the Milwaukee Braves in the 1957 and '58 World Series. The Yankees win, 5-2, and the winning pitcher, as 1960s Yankee pitcher Jim Bouton would say, was "Dooley Womack. The Dooley Womack!"

September 10, 1966, Fenway Park. Roger Maris turns 32, and hits a home run, the 4th Yankee to do so on his birthday. The Yankees win 5-1.

By this point, the Yankees had collapsed, but no one knew that, in the following season, the Sox were in for the defining season in their history, the one that took them from an afterthought -- and very nearly moved, at least out of Fenway Park, possibly to the suburbs, maybe out of the Boston area altogether -- to being New England's most beloved sports team.

Part III follows.